Biography:
Sonic Youth was one of the most unlikely success stories of underground American rock in the '80s. Where contemporaries R.E.M. and Husker Du were fairly conventional in terms of song-structure and melody, Sonic Youth began their career by abandoning any pretense of traditional rock & roll conventions. Borrowing heavily from the free-form noise experimentalism of the Velvet Underground and the Stooges, and melding it with a performance-art aesthetic borrowed from the New York post-punk avant garde, Sonic Youth redefined what noise meant within rock & roll. Sonic Youth rarely rocked, though they were inspired directly by hardcore punk, post-punk and no wave. Instead, their dissonance, feed-back and alternate tunings created a new sonic landscape, one that redefined what rock guitar could do. Their trio of independent late '80s records -- EVOL, Sister, Daydream Nation -- became touchstones for a generation of indie-rockers, who either replicated the noise, or reinterpreted it a more palatable setting. As their career progressed, Sonic Youth grew more palatable, as well, as their more free-form songs began to feel like compositions and their shorter works began to rock harder. During the '90s, most American indie bands, and many British underground bands, displayed a heavy debt to Sonic Youth, and the band themselves had become a popular cult band, with each of their albums charting in the Top 100.

Such success was unthinkable when guitarists Thurston Moore and Lee Ranaldo formed Sonic Youth with bassist Kim Gordon in 1981. Moore had spent his childhood in Bethel, Connecticut; Ranaldo was from Long Island. Both guitarists arrived in Manhattan during the height of the New York-based post-punk movement No Wave, and began performing with the avant-garde composer Glenn Branca, whose dissonant, guitar-based music provided the basis for much of Sonic Youth's early music. Moore's girlfriend Gordon had been active in the avant and No Wave scenes for some time, and the pair helped stage the "Noise Festival" in which the band made their live debut during the summer of 1981. At the time, Sonic Youth also featured keyboardist Ann DeMarinis and drummer Richard Edson. DeMarinis left the band shortly afterward, and the quartet recorded their eponymous debut EP, which was released on Branca's Neutral Records the following year. During 1983, Edson left the band to pursue an acting career and he was replaced by Bob Bert, who drummed on the group's debut album, Confusion is Sex (1983). The band supported the album with their first European tour. Later that year, the group released the EP Kill Yr Idols on the German label Zensor.

Early in 1984, Moore attempted to land the band a contract with the British indie label Doublevision, but the label rejected the demos. Paul Smith, one of the owners of Doublevision, decided to form Blast First Records in order to release Sonic Youth records. Soon, he received a distribution deal from the hip UK indie label Rough Trade, and the band had its first label with strong distribution. During all these record label negotiations in 1984, the cassette-only live album Sonic Death: Sonic Youth Live was released on Ecstatic Peace. Bad Moon Rising, the group's first album for Blast First, was released in 1985 to strong reviews throughout the underground music press. The album was markedly different from their earlier releases -- it was the first record they made that incorporated their dissonant, feedback-drenched experimentations to a relatively straightforward pop song structure. Following the release of the Death Valley 69 EP, Bert was replaced by Steve Shelley, who became the group's permanent drummer.

Bad Moon Rising had attracted significant attention throughout the American underground, including some offers from major labels. Sonic Youth decided to sign with SST, home of Hüsker Dü and Black Flag, instead, releasing EVOL in 1986. With EVOL, the group became fixtures on college radio, and their status grew significantly with 1987's Sister, which was heavily praised by mainstream publications like Rolling Stone. The group's profile increased further with their 1988 Ciccone Youth side-project The Whitey Album, which was a tongue-in-cheek tribute to Madonna and other parts of mainstream pop culture. The band's true breakthrough was the double-album Daydream Nation. Released on Enigma Records, Daydream Nation was a tour-de-force that was hailed as a masterpiece upon its fall 1988 release, and it generated a college radio hit with "Teenage Riot." Though the album was widely praised, Enigma suffered from poor distribution and, eventually, bankruptcy which meant the album occasionally wasn't in stores. These factors contributed heavily in the band's decision to move to the major-label DGC in 1990.

Signing a contract that gave them complete creative control, as well as letting them function as pseudo-A&R reps for the label, Sonic Youth established a precedent for alternative bands moving to majors during the '90s, proving that it was possible to preserve indie credibility on a major label. Released in the fall of 1990, Goo, the band's first major-label album, boasted a more focused sound, yet it didn't abandon the group's noise aesthetics. The result was a college radio hit, and the group's first album to crack the Top 100. Neil Young invited the band to open for him on his arena tour for Ragged Glory, and though they failed to win over much of the rocker's audience, it represented their first major incursion into the mainstream; it also helped make Young a cult figure within the alternative circles during the '90s. For their second major-label album Dirty, Sonic Youth attempted to replicate the sloppy, straightforward sound of grunge rockers Mudhoney and Nirvana. The band had been supporting those two Seattle-based groups for several years -- they had released a split single with Mudhoney and brought Nirvana to DGC Records -- and while the songs on Dirty were hardly grunge, it was more pop-oriented and accessible than their earlier records. Produced by Butch Vig, who also produced Nirvana's Nevermind, Dirty became an alternative hit upon its summer 1992 release, generating the modern rock hits "100%," "Youth Against Fascism," and "Sugar Kane." Sonic Youth quickly became hailed as one of the godfathers of the alternative rock that had become the most popular form of rock music in the US, and Dirty became a hit along with the exposure, eventually going gold.

Sonic Youth again worked with Vig for 1994's Experimental Jet Set, Trash and No Star, which entered the US charts at 34 and the UK charts at number 10, making it their highest-charting album ever. The high chart position was proof of their popularity during the previous two years, as it received decidedly mixed reviews and quickly fell down the charts. Later in 1994, Moore and Gordon -- who had married several years before -- had their first child, a daughter named Coco Haley. Sonic Youth agreed to headline 1995's American Lollapalooza package tour, using the earnings to build a new studio. Following the completion of the tour, Sonic Youth released Washing Machine, which received their strongest reviews since Daydream Nation. After a series of experimental EPs issued on their own SYR label, they resurfaced in 1998 with the full-length A Thousand Leaves.

Band Members:
Thurston Moore - Guitar/Vocals
Kim Gordon - Bass/Vocals
Steve Shelley - Drums
Lee Ranaldo - Guitar/Vocals

Albums:
1982 - Sonic Youth (Neutral)
1983 - Confusion Is Sex (Neutral)
1984 - Sonic Death(live) (Blast First)
1985 - Bad Moon Rising (DGC)
1986 - Walls Have Ears (not)
1986 - EVOL (Blast First)
1987 - Sister (Blast First)
1988 - The Whitey Album (as Ciccone Youth)
1988 - Daydream Nation (Enigma)
1989 - Mini Plot (SST)
1990 - Goo (DGC)
1992 - Dirty (DGC)
1994 - Experimental Jet Set,Trash & No Star (DGC)
1995 - Washing Machine (DGC)
1995 - Screaming Fields Of Sonic Love (DGC)
1995 - Made In USA (Rhino)
1996 - Live In Texas(live) (Tec Tones)
1996 - Confusion Is Sex/Kill Yr. Idols (Blast First)
1998 - A Thousand Leaves (DGC)
1998 - Silver Session For Jason Knuth (SKR)
1998 - Hold That Tiger (Goofin)

Links:
Official Sonic Youth Web Site

Unofficial Sonic Youth Web Site

Snare-Girl.Net

Sonic Truth

Sonic Life

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